1177 Bc The Year Civilization Collapsed Epub Download [BETTER]
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In 1177 B.C., marauding groups known only as the "Sea Peoples" invaded Egypt. The pharaoh's army and navy managed to defeat them, but the victory so weakened Egypt that it soon slid into decline, as did most of the surrounding civilizations. After centuries of brilliance, the civilized world of the Bronze Age came to an abrupt and cataclysmic end. Kingdoms fell like dominoes over the course of just a few decades. No more Minoans or Mycenaeans. No more Trojans, Hittites, or Babylonians. The thriving economy and cultures of the late second millennium B.C., which had stretched from Greece to Egypt and Mesopotamia, suddenly ceased to exist, along with writing systems, technology, and monumental architecture. But the Sea Peoples alone could not have caused such widespread breakdown. How did it happen?
The backbone of the world's biggest economy, its most advanced military force, and its deepest-lived culture were the Hittites. For more than a century, the Hittites held a geographical belt of civilization that covered what is now the eastern Mediterranean, connecting Anatolia with the Black Sea. The Hittites were very familiar with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Canaan. They knew Egyptian and Babylonian civilization as well as Greek. They were familiar with the arts and crafts of Greece, with the culture of the emerging, polytheistic Israelites, and of course with other Mediterranean peoples. The Hittite empire looked much the way it does now: an enormous, sprawling, multi-ethnic state with capital in the center of the empire and subordinate city-states with influence dependent on the central government. The Hittites were proud warriors and warlords. d2c66b5586