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Traditional orthodontic treatment requires the application of direct forces to move teeth.[5] While significant progress in the development of orthodontic techniques has been made over the last century, these procedures are still associated with the risks and discomfort of traditional fixed appliances. For instance, one common risk associated with orthodontic treatment is brackets and wires can move during treatment, causing discomfort and pain. This issue can be overcome by using removable appliances that are less likely to shift during treatment than fixed appliances; however, this approach lacks a good biomechanical basis. For example, it is not clear whether the forces applied by the tooth and the surrounding tissues are transmitted to the bone in a similar way. In addition, the removal of the appliance is often inconvenient and requires a period of time before the treatment is complete, thus increasing the time a patient must be under orthodontic treatment and the attendant expenses and inconvenience. On the other hand, traditional orthodontic treatment may not necessarily correct the occlusion when forces are applied to move teeth out of the way of erupting teeth, and may aggravate the problem by causing bone resorption at the sites of impacted canines and first molars, such as those described by Dr. B. B. Niemeyer in 1921[5].
The use of transpalatal arches for aligning maxillary first molars in a rat model
Methods
The animal research guidelines were performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA (Protocol No. 2013-0129).
Two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized using pentobarbital sodium (60mg/kg). The animals were placed in a prone position and the mouth was held open using metal plates to stabilize the head. The maxillary first molars were isolated using a 2-mm wide, circular wire, and the distal crown was used as a starting point. The palatal side of the molars was covered using two stainless steel arches, each with three orthodontic dental ligatures looped around it. The arch was firmly attached with elastic bands around the incisive papilla.
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